Elastic-fluid turbine



Nov. 20, 1928.

K. BAUMANN ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Filed June 17, 1924 ff. Kamila/m WITNESSE g INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 20, 1928 UNITED STATES" PATENT o ncs' KAR BAumANmoF URMSTON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR :ro wnsrinenousn nnnornrc & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION. or PENNSYLVANIA.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

Applicationfiled June 17, 1924, Serial No 720,663, and in Great Britain August 2, 1923.

' This invention relates to that type of elastic fluid turbine wherein stationary blades or diaphragms are housed in a stator of substantially regular shape formed separately from and located within the turbine vcasing so that it can expand and contract independently of the latter, the arrangement being such that motive fluid can surround the internal stator and maintain it at substantially the same temperature as the stationary blades or diaphragms so that any expansion or contraction of such blades or diaphragms due to temperature variations will be compensated by equivalent expansion or contraction of the stator in which they are housed.

The invention has for its object to support the internal stator in such manner that it will be maintained substantially concentric with the rotor under, all conditions of opera tion, and to this end consistsin the provision of a number of guides which connect thestator with some other stationary part of the turbine and are capable of movement in a radial direction only relative to at least one of these parts. The stator mayalso be connected in a suitable mannerwith some part of the turbine which is substantially unaffected by irregular expansion or contraction of the turbine casing;

In one convenient construction, which also serves both to prevent leakage of steam be tween the turbine casing and the internal stator and to transmit to the former any end 1 thrust set up in the latter, either the stator or the turbine casing is provided with a flange or collar which engages an annular groove or recess formed in the other of these parts and the guides connect the flange or collar with the wall of the groove or recess, 7 Preferably the guides, which may be in the form of pins, project radially throughthe base of the groove or recess into the annular flange or collar, or vice versa, althougl1. ,where thegeneral construction of the turbine-permits,

oftheir assembly in such manner they may project longitudinally of the turbine through a side wall of the groove or recess into the flange or collar. These guides, of which there are'preferably at least three distributed substantially uniformly around the circumference of the turbine, may be rigidly secured either in the base or wall of the annular groove or recess or in the flange or collar,'or, alternatively, they maybe capable of free radial movement only relative to both of these parts.

7 Where such an arrangement is possible, the radial flange or collar is preferably located at the low-pressure or exhaust end of the internal stator so that fluid pressure acting on the exterior of thelatter will exceed that acting on the interior thereof and will tend to hold together the parts into which the stator is divided, and thereby relieve the bolts or studs uniting such parts of certain clearly understood and readily carried into.

practice referencewill now be made to the accompanying drawingsfwherein Fig. 1 is alongitudinal. section through the top half of a turbi'ne constructed in accordance therewith. Fig. 2 is a similar but fragmentary view illustrating av modification, Fig. 3 is a section on the line IIIIII.of Figs. 1 and 2,

and Fig. 4 illustrates a further modification 7 of my nvention. In each of these figures certain parts which should appear behind the plane of the section have been omitted to simplify the illustration. Y

In each form illustratechlthe turbine corn- 7 prises a casing 1', rotorQ, and internalstator of three sections 3, t and 5, respectively, in which are housed the blade-carrying diaphragm 6. In Fig. 2 the rotor 2 and sections 3 and 5 and in Fig; 3 the rotor 2 and diaphragmfl are omitted to avoid unnecessary ,I'GPQtltlOIl;

Each section 3 4 and 5 is provided withan annular flange or collar 7 which engages and iscapable of limited radial movement in one ofa number of grooves or recesses 8 turned in the interior of the caslng 1 and so disposed relatlve to the overall length of thesect-ions 3, 4; and 5 that an annular gap 9 is formed between each pair of'adjacent sections through which motive flu'i d can gain accesstofthe ex- V a terior of the latter. In the form illustrated by Fig.' 1 t flahges 7 are heated at the lowpressure e ds of the sections for the reason stated above, and the first diaphragm 6 is pro vided with a spigotted hub or center portion 6* which is recessed-into the gland housing of theorising l through holes in the'base of each groove or recess 8into corresponding holes n the flanges 7,co vers 12 being then secured in place to the openings n the casin 1. Asshown, these pins are screwed or driven, through clearance holes in the casing 1, into tapped or neat holes in the internal stator. twill be obvious, however, thatthe method of securing the cooperative relation of the stator and the casing by means of guide pins, in accordance with my invention, may be reversed or modified so long as the pins serve to maintain the internal stator substantiall concentric with the turbine axis under all conditions of operation and at the same time prevent rotation of the internal cylinder relative to the casing 1.

In the constructional forms illustrated four pins 11 are employed, two below the horiz ontal joint at asmall inclination to the horizontal, and two in a vertical plane. Any Qtherlsuitable number and arrangement may, however, be'ado ted.

As 'briefl "outined above, where the construction b the turbine permits of such an arran einent, the pins 11 may be re laced by guides which are disposed longitu inally or the turbine and connect a side wall of the groove 8 with the flange 7. 'Such guides should haveparallel sides disposed radially ofthe' turbine and may be secured either to the flange 7 with the parallel radial sides engaging aradial slot in the groove 8. F or example, I show in Fi 4 a guide 15 formed on the flange 7 engaging a longitudinally extending slot 16 formed in the groove 8. It

will be obvious, however,that this method may bemodified or reversed.

Where the internal stator compr1ses a single cylinder, it is preferabl connected at one end with some part of t e turbine which is substantially unaffected by irregularexpansion and contraction of the turbine casing. Where a co actingflange 7 and groove 8 are located at one end of the stator, such connection, which maybe effected with the gland or hearing housing by means of an end diaphrag as illustrated in connection with the section 3 or Fig. 1,:is preferably arranged at theelfid reniote' fro nsuch flange and groove.

A'Ithtifighthe invention 'has'only been illustrated in connection with a turbine of the disc when et any appliicfliile to turbines of the drum type.

While Iliave shown my invention in but two forms, itwill be obvious I20 42 055? in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various other changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placedthereupon as are imposed by the prior artor as are specifically set forth in' the appended claims.

\Vhat I claim is '1. turbine having an internal stator wherein the internal stator connected with some other stat-io iary'part of the turbine by a numbcuot' guides which are capable of movement in a radial direction only relative to at least one of these parts.

2. A turbine" as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator is also connected with some part of the turbine which isfsubstantially unaffected by irregular expansion and contraction of the turbinecasing.

3. In a turbine, the combination of a casing having an annular groove provided therein, an internal stator provided witha flangebr collar enga in" with the grooweand a plul ally extending guides cooperat rality of in ing betwfien the flange and the casing and each Permitting free relativ moaement h between in a ad al direction onl i. n; a turbine, the combination of a Gas ,ing having an annular groove provided therein, an internal stator provided with a flange or collar engaging wit-lithe groove and in of the flange, and a plurality of radial tending guides arranged around the ange cooper'atin between" the fian e and' the groove an permittin free relative radial movement only therehetween while main: taining the internal stator concentric with the rotor.

spaced relation thereto aroundtheperiphery 5. A turbine as claimed in claim 4 wherein n the radially extendin guides are in the forin of pins projecting radially through the base of the annular groove in the casing into the flangeorcollar.

6. In a horizontal turbine, thelconibination of a casing having an annular groove provided therein, an internaldiaphragm carryring stator provided witha. 'flange or collar engaging with the groove and in spaced relation thereto around the periphery of; the fian e, and at least three r in ly extending guide pins disposed aroun "the casing and projecting through the casing new base of the annular groove into the flange or-collar for supporting the internal stator-Land maintaining it concentric with the casing; a

7. In a horizontal turbine, the combination of a casing having an annular'groove pro.-

,videdtherein, an internaldlaphragrn carry ing stator provided with a flange or collar engaging with the groove and in spaced relation thereto around the periphery of the flange, and at least three radially extending guide pins disposed around the casing and projecting through the'casing at thebase of the annular groove into the flange or collar at least two of said pins being below the longitudinal axis of the casing;

8. In a horizontal'turbine, the combination of a casing having an annular groove provided therein, an internal diaphragm carrying stator provided with a flange or collar engaging with the groove and in spaced relation thereto around the periphery of the flange, a plurality of radially extending guides cooperating between the flange and the groove for permitting freedom of relative radial movement therebetween and maintaining the internal stator concentric with the casing, said radially extending guides comprising at least three disposed substantially uniformly around the circumference of the turbine. I

9. In a horizontal turbine, the combination of a casing having an annular groove provided therein, an internal diaphragm carrying stator provided with a flange or collar engaging with 'the groove and in spaced relation thereto around the periphery of the flange, a

plurality of radially extending guides coop eratingbetween the flange and the groove for permitting freedom of relative radial movement therebetween and maintaining the internal statorcconcentric with the casing,

said radially extending guides comprising at least three, pins extending through holes in p the vcasing at the base of the annular groove into the flange or collar and disposedsubradial direction only.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto sub scribed my name this 27th day of May, 1924.

KARL BAUMANN. 

